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The Neutral Thousands, initialized as TNT, was an organization created in 1937 to target union activities and was known as an anti-union organization. The organization rose along with a tide of similar organizations in the period of the late-19th century to the mid-twentieth century. Bessie Ochs, formerly a speaker for the Merchants and Manufacturers Association, was recruited by Byron C. Hanna, the leader of The Southern Californians, Incorporated, to lead the organization. In addition to the general activities of the organization, it also broadcast a radio program, referred to as the "California Caravan". The organization claimed to have over 100,000 members at its high point, according to membership logs by the leader, Bessie Ochs. However, In 1940, after an investigation by the La Follette Committee, the organization disbanded, along with other similar organization, such as the Southern Californians, Incorporated (or SCI). ==History== Founded in 1937, The Neutral Thousands was a group primarily targeting toward anti-union women. The organization was described as a, "voluntary association of housewives concerned with labor racketeering and its effects on consumer prices." The group was promoted as an associated created by local housewives that sought to attract women toward their cause. The slogan ''Truth Not Terror'' became associated with the group, which along with the group's name, prompted its initialism of TNT. The organization's leader, Bessie Ochs was described as a woman who was "fiftyish, peroxide-blond and tough as nails." While the organization rectified itself as a spontaneous creation of local housewives, many argue that it was created by other anti-union organizations, such as the Merchants and Manufacturers Association. The organization was said to have recruited thousands of women, with membership rates of over 100,000, according to Bessie Ochs. In addition to its radio program, the California Caravan, the organization distributed a newsletter to its members, titled the Memo-News. Many supported and allied with the Neutral Thousands, including Japanese-American unions who stood in support of the anti-picketing ordinances, the Associated Farmers, the Southern Californians, Inc., Women of the Pacific and The Chamber of Commerce. The radio broadcasts by the organization, the California Caravan, provided both entertainment and information about the anti-union movement that the organization supported. However, the program was shutdown by the Federal Communications Commission, due to its one-sided and negative depiction of labor unions. The organization itself would later be shutdown amidst similar concerns. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Neutral Thousands」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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